Heat Stroke in 2025: Causes, Symptoms, Prevention & Treatment

First Aid for Heat Stroke – Step-by-Step

In heat stroke some quick action can save lives. Follow these essential steps to keep the person safe while waiting for emergency help.

• Call emergency services immediately if you suspect heat stroke.
• Move the person out of the sun to a cooler, shaded area.
• Remove excess clothing to help cool the body.
• Cool their skin by applying wet towels, spraying cool water, or placing cold packs on the neck, armpits, and groin.
• If the person is conscious and alert, offer small sips of water.
• Do not give medications like aspirin or paracetamol—they do not help and may cause harm.
• If the person is unconscious, place them on their side to keep the airway clear.
• Be prepared to perform CPR if necessary until help arrives.

Hospital Treatment

In hospitals, medical staff work quickly to bring down the body temperature and check for any damage caused by heat stroke. Treatments might include cooling blankets, ice water baths, and intravenous fluids. They’ll also monitor vital organs to prevent complications.

Possible Complications

Without fast treatment, heat stroke can lead to serious problems like brain damage, kidney failure, muscle breakdown, and even death. These complications highlight why heat stroke is not something to take lightly. Quick action saves lives and reduces the risk of long-term harm.

WHO Guidelines on Heat Stroke Prevention and Treatment

The World Health Organisation (WHO) emphasises the importance of preventing heat stroke by minimising exposure to extreme heat, especially during peak daylight hours. Individuals are advised to stay in cool, shaded, or air-conditioned environments, wear light and loose-fitting clothing, and stay well-hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids while avoiding alcohol and caffeine. Physical activity should be limited during hot weather, particularly for vulnerable groups such as the elderly, children, and those with chronic illnesses. In the event of heat stroke, immediate action is critical: move the person to a cooler environment, remove excess clothing, and cool the body with wet cloths, cool water immersion, or fans. Re-hydration with cool water or oral re-hydration solutions is essential, but sugary or alcoholic drinks should be avoided. Prompt medical attention is necessary if the person shows signs of unconsciousness, confusion, or a dangerously high body temperature.

Prevention – How to Stay Safe in Hot Weather

Preventing heat stroke is often as simple as staying cool and hydrated. Drink plenty of water, even if you don’t feel thirsty. Wear lightweight, loose clothing and avoid being outside during the hottest parts of the day, usually between 11 a.m. and 5 p.m. Use hats, sunscreen, and try to stay in shaded or air-conditioned places. 

Check on friends, family, and neighbours who might struggle to keep cool, especially children, elderly people, and pets. And never leave anyone alone in a parked car even with windows down or the AC on.